P-type ATPases Essay - 2118 Words

Describe the mechanism of P-type ATPases; select one P-type ATPase and examine how its physiological role has been investigated. The P-type ATPases are a large family of membrane enzymes, with 476 different subtypes categorised in the Swiss-Prot protein information database. The P-type or E1-E2 ATPases were first discovered and categorised by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish physician-turned-physiologist in 1957. Skou discovered the Na+/K+ ATPase, and later shared half of the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry in reward for his work (Skou 1997). As mentioned above, the P-type ATPases have a broad range of interventions, for example, the use of the Digitalis toxin in the treatment of heart failure (Rang et al. 2007). There are 5 broad†¦show more content†¦2 K+ ions then bind to their high-affinity binding sites, and the enzyme is dephosphorylated. This reduces the ATPases K+ affinity, causing the release of K+ into the cell (Lehninger et al. 2000). It is the above process that is responsible for approximately 25% of the bodies daily ATP breakdown and consequent energy usage (Lehninger et al. 2000). The sodium and potassium ions, and the large concentration gradients that exist, consist a vital physiological feature of the cell, and one that is implicated in myriad cellular processes. The main cellular process, as mentioned above, for which the Na/K-ATPase is responsible, is the maintenance of a membrane potential via the movements of its bonding ions. It is the maintenance, and the presence of this potential that allow the existence of the cell. The presence of a pre-existing potential allows transport of glucose and other molecules, such as Cl- ions via the mechanism of secondary active transport, harnessing the Na+ gradient into the cell caused by ATP breakdown (Skou 2004). The P-type ATPase is also important in the process of muscle contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) constitutes 80% of the protein content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The process of muscle contraction isShow MoreRelatedAttenuation Effect Of Single And Combined Treatment With Caffeine And Nifedipine1479 Words   |  6 Pagescombined treatments of nifedipine and caffeine in the same regimen. Animals were decapitated after 5, 15 and 25 days of the experiment. Results: The results indicated a very highly significant decrease (PË‚0.001) in total soluble lens protein and Na+-K+ATPase activity, a very highly significant increase (PË‚0.001) in calcium lens content in selenite cataract group. 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